One key factor in the expansion of the Roman Empire was the brilliance of its engineers in constructing bridges, aqueducts, domes, fortresses, and catapult war machines. Durable roads like the Appian Way, knitted together the empire’s vast holdings, allowing rapid deployment of armed legions. Some structures still continue to function well 2000 years later.
How did the Romans know that volcanic ash and lime casts would produce a durable, self-healing concrete; one that would set and cure even when immersed under the sea? Modern scientists have figured it out, finally. Makes me wonder what secrets still lie long lost and hidden.
https://www.quora.com/How-did-the-Romans-build-underwater
“But how does this make concrete self-healing? The lime clasts have the answer. When produced in high-temperature settings, the lime clasts take on a more brittle composition wherein an easily fractured and highly reactive calcium source can be obtained. Thus, if cracks in the concrete expose these lime clast chunks and water is allowed to reach them, a chemical reaction between the two can create a calcium-saturated solution which can then crystallize into calcium carbonate or even react further with the included pozzolanic materials quickly resealing and healing the crack.
“The research team responsible for this discovery replicated these results within their labs and has highlighted how this information is important not only for our understanding of ancient engineering but how it could also benefit modern construction methods to produce more durable and stronger infrastructure today. The potential ramifications could impact not only the quality of our own buildings and roads but could also possibly play a role in helping cut down the environmental impact of cement production, an industry that accounts for about 8% of global greenhouse gas emissions.”
The Parthenon, Rome, Italy
“I open My mouth in parables; I will utter things kept secret from the foundation of the world.” Matt 13:35
THE TRIQUETRA OF LIFE: Wisdom, Wealth, and Wellness 
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